Writing an Annotated Bibliography

An annotated bibliography may be written as a guide for future researchers or as an aid to organizing your thoughts about a topic you are learning about.  It typically includes:

Complete bibliographic information in a format such as MLA, APA or Turabian

Summarizing information:

  • Audience for whom the source was written (general public, people with some knowledge about ______, historians, anthropologists?) 
  • Breadth/depth of topics included
  • Main arguments and conclusions
  • Any significant "extras" such as interactive maps, photos, reprints of source documents, annotated bibliography

Evaluative and comparative information:

  • The author's background, experience and authority (See Checking Authors for help with this part)
  • The author's purpose/goals in writing/creating this source
  • The author's viewpoint or school of thought
  • Sources: Does the author cite other sources? Is it based on the author's own research? Is it personal opinion?
  • Does this item agree/disagree with another author or viewpoint?
  • Is it an example or counterexample of a theory or phenomenon you've seen elsewhere?
  • Does it overlap with something else but impute more/less importance to some factor?

Reflective information:

  • How might this source helped your research on your topic?
  • How might  this source shape your argument?
  • How might this source force you to adjust your thinking about your topic?
  • If the source looks interesting but you are waiting to get the full text of it via interlibrary loan, note this as well.

Examples of entries in an annotated bibliography